What is Homeless?

Homeless is the term used to describe people without a permanent place to live. They may stay on the streets, or reside in a shelter, mission, single room occupancy (SRO) facility, or abandoned building. They can also “couch surf,” staying with friends or family who can’t afford to give them a home, or they may be living in boarding houses, caravans, motels and other temporary housing arrangements. They are often without jobs and no way to make money. Some are the victims of domestic violence and may be escaping abusive relationships. Others simply can’t afford to pay their rent and utilities.

It is a major problem in many urban areas, and has been growing rapidly in recent years. It has been associated with unemployment, deteriorating public health, and rising costs of goods and services. It can also be a cause of mental illness and addictions. It is a significant public health issue and is affecting people of all ages, races, sexes, and social classes.

Traditionally, the reasons for homelessness have included economic factors such as a loss of income, job displacement, or eviction; and social ones such as conflict with roommates or landlords, and the inability to pay bills. But in an environment where it is not affordable to buy or rent a home, even those with steady incomes can lose their homes.

One reason for this increase is that the number of available housing units has not kept up with population growth and demand. This has been exacerbated by the recession of the 1980s, cuts to federal programs such as housing assistance and SSI, and changes in the rules that determine eligibility for public housing. Moreover, zoning laws in many communities prohibit the construction of new affordable housing for low-income residents. The result is that a shortage of housing has contributed to the rise in homeless people.

Studies of the homeless have tended to focus on urban areas, although there is a growing literature on suburban and rural homelessness. There is still a paucity of information about certain subpopulations, such as elderly persons, youths, and individual adult women.

Those who wish to help homelessness can donate food, clothing, and other necessities. They can also volunteer in homeless service organizations. They can also participate in campaigns to raise awareness about the problem. Several books are available on the subject, and many schools offer courses on it. Individuals can also take steps to prevent homelessness, such as using “critical time intervention” to help at key transitions, such as military discharge and release from prison or hospital. In addition, they can support efforts to change the underlying conditions that lead to homelessness. This may include voting for candidates who support affordable housing and other initiatives to expand the supply of homes for the poor. These efforts should be focused on communities where the need is greatest.